Objective: Fabrication of indirect onlays and inlays and their cementation with resin cements have become increasingly popular. Resin cements used in indirect restoration cementations provide weaker bonds when compared with the bond strength supplied ژin a dentin bonding used for direct composites. This results in debonding of indirect restorations and consequent problems. Resin coat technique has been advocated as a solution. It is claim to increase the bond strength of resin cements to dentin using this technique. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage time and resin coat technique on the panavia F cement tensile bond strength to dentin. Methods and Materials: Sixty extracted human third molars were divided into six groups of ten. The occlusal surfaces were trimmed to the exposure of the very first dentin layer. The specimens were placed under the following experimental conditions: Group 1: control group 1, no surface treatment on dentin with storage under distilled water for 24 hours. Group 2: control group 2, no surface treatment on dentin with storage under distilled water for 7 days Group 3: Resin coated dentin with clearfil liner bond 2V and storage under distilled water for 24 hours. Group 4: Resin coate dentin with clearfil bond 2V and storage under distilled water for 7 days. Group 5: Resin coated dentin with clearfil bond 2V and flowable composite and storage under distilled water for 24 hours Group 6: Resin coated dentin with clearfil bond 2V and flowoble composite and storage under distilled water for 7 days . Nickel chrome rod was bonded to the above surfaces using panavia F. Tensile bond strengths were evaluated with instron machine Paired t-test was used to detect differences among experimental groups and ANOVA test for comparison between the 6 groups.Results: The mean tensile bond strengths ± standard deviations were as following: Group1: 15.94±5.27, Group 2: 12.43±4.75, Group 3: 15.36±5.41, Group 4: 10.61±3.53, Group 5: 18.45±6.18 and Group 6: 13.34±4.4 PMa. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between groups 1 and 2. However, there was a significant difference between the highest strength was found in group 5, and the lowest one in group 4. (P<0.05). a7- day storage, to 1 day storage reduced paravia F bond strength to resin coated dentin ( P< 0.05). In all groups, inter facial failure was an adhesive failure between cement and dentin or resin coated dentin.Conclusion: Bonding strength was not improved by using resin coat technique. Usage of flow able composite in combination with clearfil liner bond 2V had not effect on bonding strength. Decrease in bonding strength after 7 days storage of resin-coated dentin was seen.

Background: Besides charging the patients with outstanding costs, tuberculosis (TB) causes high mortality and morbidity in a country. We studied the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values as well as the efficiency of buffy coat smear test in patients who were pulmonary TB suspects. This research was conducted at Massih Daneshvari Hospital, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD).Materials & Methods: According to clinical and radiographic records of 50 pulmonary TB suspects, five ml of blood along with smear and culture of sputum were collected. The research method was a clinical trial (Diagnostic test type), and the technique was of observational-interview type. Six buffy coat smears were obtained by Ficoll-Hypaque sedimentation method while the samples were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen stain.Results: On sputum examination, 32 patients (64%) were B.K positive while 22 (44%) had positive sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Buffy coat was positive in 4 patients (8%). In comparison with sputum smear and culture, buffy coat had sensitivity of 12.5% and 13.6%, specificity of 100% and 96.4%, positive predictive value of 100% and 75%, negative predictive value of 39.4% and 58.7%, efficiency of 44% and 60% respectively.Conclusion: In regard to the high specificity of buffy coat as compared to sputum smear (100%) and sputum culture (96.4%), it is possible to consider buffy coat as a method for screening tuberculosis patients that cannot expectorate sputum. Since buffy coat method has a high positive predictive value as compared to sputum smear (100%), it could replace other unavailable accurate methods like sputum culture and PCR and be used as a substitution for sputum smear.

Background and Objective: T3 resin uptake test indicates the availability of thyroxin binding globulin (TBG), which is the carrier of a large amount of T3 and T4 in blood. We aimed to study the relationship between serum T3 Resin Uptake and serum lipids profile.Material and Methods: The participants aged 14.80±38.29 were both males (59; 29.5%) and females (141; 70.5 %). T3 Resin Uptake was measured by Immunoassay method and serum lipid profile components (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL) were measured by the kit. Results: Significant negative correlation was observed between serum T3 Resin Uptake and cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C (P£0.05), but that was not the case for HDL-C and VLDL.Conclusion: Serum T3 Resin Uptake can be evaluated to assess the risk factors related to cardiovascular disorders.

The coating is one of the most important components that affect the efficiency of the pavements. Parameters are effective in the proper implementation of the coating such as the type of coating, the application time, the rate of application, temperature, uniformity of application, etc. The uniformity of application requires field control in the project implementation, is currently used to control the spreading weight of the tray. This test has many errors due to the lack of continuity. The issue of uniform distribution of coating has become less attention. In this study, the automatic system is presented based on image processing using a camera, GPS, microcontroller board, and. . ., which can analyze the uniform distribution and provide a good, moderate and poor classification for coating distribution evaluation. Image quality has improved with image processing and compression and noise reduction have been done. The thresholding was used to separate the coating from the background. After the thresholding, various properties such as the area of the coating, coefficient of variation, local maximum, and minimum, etc. are obtained from the images and used to evaluate the coating distribution. Used categorization algorithms to select effective features in categorizing images. A comparison of the results of the classification of images by a confusion matrix. Finally, the results showed that the presented system has a precision of 86%. Also, using the effective parameters in the model, the uniform distribution index was presented. This index has a value between0 and 100, which indicates the best and worst distributions.

Introduction: Furcal perforation is a common accident during endodontic treatment. Prognosis of furcal perforation repair is determined by several factors. One of these factors is sealing ability and biocompatibility of materials used to repair furcal perforation. So far, different materials have been suggested for repair of furcal perforation. One of these materials that based on investigations has shown agreeable properties and clinical success when used as repairing material for furcal perforation is MTA. Since Proroot MTA is very expensive and not easily accessible for all dentists, we decided to evaluate microleakage of MTA produced in Iran. In this in vitro experiment, sealing abilities of Proroot MTA, Root MTA (Iran-MTA), Amalgam and One coat bond in repairing furcal perforations was compared.Methods and Materials: Furcal perforations as 1mm diameter defects were created in 60 extracted maxillary and mandibular molars. The teeth were divided into four equal groups. Each group was sealed with one of the materials. The crowns of teeth were restored by amalgam. Then dye penetration test was done. A longitudinal sectioning was performed. Samples were studied under stereomicroscope and data were analyzed by means of Duncan statistical test.Results: The results showed that no significant difference in sealing ability was found among Proroot MTA, Root MTA (Iran- MTA) and one coat bond (p value > 0.05). But there was a significant difference in sealing ability between Root MTA and Amalgam (p value < 0.05).Conclusion: Root MTA can be an acceptable substitute for Proroot MTA.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the etching effect of porcelain with Hydrofluoric acid (HF) one shear bond strength using one coat bond and self cure composite.Methods & Materials: The study was conducted experimentally using observation as its technique. 40 porcelain cubes were prepared and assigned into 4 groups. Group I specimens were treated with 35% phosphoric acid.Subsequently one coat bond was applied to bond the bracket, group II specimens were made fresh with fine diamond bur, treated with a 35% phosphoric acid and one coat bond was applied to bond the bracket, group III specimens were treated with a 20% hydroflouric acid (HF) and Nomix composite bond was applied to bond the bracket, group IV specimens were treated with a 40% HF acid and the same procedure in the group III was followed. The Instron machine was used at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min to test the shear bond strength.Result: The shear strength was 2.47±1.8Mpa for group I, 5.64±2.6Mpa for group II, 3.28±1.8Mpa for group III and 3.03±2.6 for group IV. The overall difference between the four groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of fine diamond bur and 35% phosphoric acid for Etching and use of one coat bond can achieve a successful bond between either use only phosphoric acid or 20% HF acid-Etched with No mix composite and 40% HF acid etched with No mix composite.

Changes of up to 80°C has been reported for oral cavity temperature. This could well effecti on the nature of restorations for example failure of bonding of adhesive restorations. It is advocated that using opaque layer in porcelane to restorations could reduce this problem. This experimental study was designed to evaluate the effect mentioned using finitelement analysis method.Results showed that cooling has a more destructive effect than warming process restorations with the presence of opaque having a finitelement analysis effect on restorations.

Plants and/or plant food wastes have been given much less attention or even disregarded. In some instances, however, oxidative enzymes from residual plant tissues have been shown to effectively degrade recalcitrant pollutants. Soybean seed coat peroxidase (SBP) is an inexpensive oxidoreductive enzyme and could be potentially used to oxidize/polymerize various organic pollutants of the industrial and petrochemical wastes. The catalytic properties of SBP are retained under a wide range of pH and at elevated temperatures. In the present study, the biocatalytic properties of SBP were estimated. The enzyme exhibited the highest activity and stability at pH 6.0 and retained over 75% of the maximum activity for 12 hours. The activity of SBP was found to be 2.5 times higher at an elevated temperature of 65°C compared to the activity at room temperature. The activity is retained over 95% for 30 min at 75°C. The pH and temperature of the reaction mixture showed significant influence on SBP activity. SBP is fairly active in organic solvents and exhibited the optimal activity in the presence of 20% (v/v) acetone. Increasing the organic solvent content resulted in a reduction in SBP activity.